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Where structures are designed and constructed in accordance with the International Residential Code, the provisions of this code shall apply as follows: 1. Construction and design provisions of this code pertaining to the exterior of the structure shall apply including, but not limited to, premises identification, fire apparatus access, and water supplies.
Where interior or exterior systems or devices are installed, construction permits required by Section Administrative, operational, and maintenance provisions of this code shall apply. Buildings covered by NFPA 13 include nursing homes, hospital patient rooms, fraternity and sorority houses, and multistory residential.
In general, it allows for the elimination of sprinklers in attics, closets, and bathrooms; allows for a lower water discharge demand from the sprinkler system, leading to smaller pipe sizes; and allows for a shorter duration of water supply than NFPA 13, so if the water is supplied by storage tanks, a smaller tank can be used.
Buildings covered by NFPA 13 include hotels and motels, apartment buildings, and larger single-family homes. NFPA 13D covers typical single-family and two-family dwellings and manufactured homes. It requires sprinklers in living spaces only. The standard does not require sprinklers in small bathrooms, closets, pantries, garages, attics or unoccupied concealed spaces.
The criteria in this standard are based on full-scale fire tests of rooms containing typical furnishings found in residential living rooms, kitchens, and bedrooms. As local code may vary from the model code, check with local codes to see if fire sprinklers are required in a retrofit of an existing home.
If adding fire suppression sprinklers to an existing home is required by local code for a renovation or addition or is desired by the homeowner, follow the guidance provided in this guide for new construction.
More Info. Access to some references may require purchase from the publisher. The Building America Field Kit allows you to save items to your profile for review or use on-site. Sign Up or Log In. Indoor Sprinklers for Fire Protection Print. Scope Images. Design and install a multipurpose plumbing system, which serves domestic water fixtures and indoor fire suppression sprinklers, or a stand-alone fire sprinkler system, to suppress fires within the home.
Space sprinkler heads in accordance with the minimum specified by the manufacturer but not less than 8 feet apart, as required by NFPA 13D. Use metal piping where exposed. Install a backflow prevention device and water meter where required by the authority having jurisdiction AHJ.
Install a pump if using a standalone non-pressurized storage tank or where municipal water pressures are inadequate. Figure 1. Fire suppression sprinklers can be set to activate only in the room where a fire is sensed Source: Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition Classification of Fire Sprinkler Systems There are two general classifications for fire suppression sprinkler systems: standalone or multipurpose systems.
Clothes and linen closets, and pantries of 24 square feet or less and where the walls and ceiling are surfaced with noncombustible or limited-combustible materials as defined in NFPA Garages, open attached porches, carports, and similar structures. Covered, unheated projections of building entrances as long as the dwelling unit has another means of egress. Closets in garages and exterior closets located on exterior balconies, exterior breezeways, and corridors accessed from outdoors where the closet does not have doors or unprotected penetrations into the dwelling unit.
Ceiling pockets that meet the following conditions: The total volume of all unprotected ceiling pockets in a compartment does not exceed cubic feet. The entire floor under the unprotected ceiling pocket is protected by the sprinklers at the lower ceiling elevation. The interior finish of the unprotected ceiling pocket excluding decorative treatments is noncombustible or limited-combustible material. Skylights not exceeding 32 square feet are permitted to have a plastic cover.
Components of a Fire Sprinkler System Components of an indoor fire sprinkler system include the water supply, the pump, the trim, and the piping, as well as the sprinkler heads themselves. Sprinkler Heads Residential sprinkler heads come in four different styles: pendent, concealed, sidewall, and concealed sidewall as see in Figure 2. Figure 2. Four types of residential fire sprinkler heads: pendent, concealed, sidewall, and concealed sidewall Source: The Home Fire Sprinkler Coalition Pump For a non-pressurized system, or where the available water pressure is not enough to deliver the required flow at the necessary pressure, an electric pump shall be used.
Trim The schematic drawing in Figure 3 shows the minimum required plumbing fittings trim for a standalone system using municipal water.
Figure 3. The minimum required plumbing connections and trim for fire sprinkler connection to municipal water with a standalone wet sprinkler system Source: NFPA 13D. Figure 4. The preferred method for fire sprinkler connection to municipal water with a standalone, wet sprinkler system Source: NFPA 13D.
Piping Sprinkler piping should be sized to provide the required system water demand rate as determined through hydraulic calculations or through the prescriptive method found in the International Residential Code IRC , Section P Figure 5. A roughed-in fire sprinkler head left and fire sprinkler riser right both use CPVC piping, a cost-effective choice for residential sprinkler systems Source: The Home Sprinkler Coalition Insulating Pipes and Air Sealing Ceiling Penetrations Sprinkler piping is often located in vented attics and the sprinkler heads therefore represent penetrations through the ceiling separating the conditioned space of the home from the unconditioned space of the attic, which could provide opportunities for heat loss into the attic.
Figure 6. CPVC fire sprinkler piping insulated using the box-in method. Source: Merrifield Figure 7. Ensuring Success. Author s. Organization s. Publication Date. Preview Image. A video comparing a residential room fire with and without fire sprinklers. Installation is the life blood of their company which is evidenced by the continual demand from general contractors to have them participate in their projects. The impressive list of successful completions is outdone only by the references we receive from clients.
At Cogswell Sprinkler Company, we serve a wide variety of customers including medical facilities, residential projects, retail shops, schools, hotels, industrial applications and more. No project is too large or too small. We work with customers in New England and beyond. If you are interested in working with Cogswell Sprinkler for your fire protection installation project, request a free, no obligation quote today.
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